Nutritional Value of Good-Quality Horse Hay

1. Fiber Content

  • Primary nutrient in hay; supports healthy gut motility and microbial balance.

  • Horses require long-stem fiber to reduce the risk of colic and maintain digestive health.

2. Protein

  • Grass hays (Timothy, Orchardgrass, Fescue): typically 8–12% crude protein.

  • Legume hays (Alfalfa, Clover): higher protein, often 15–20%.

  • Protein is vital for muscle development, tissue repair, and growth.

3. Energy (Digestible Energy, DE)

  • Grass hays: ~0.76–0.94 Mcal/lb.

  • Legume hays: ~0.94–1.19 Mcal/lb.

  • Provides fuel for daily activity, performance, and maintenance.

4. Minerals

  • Calcium & Phosphorus: Legume hays are rich in calcium, while grass hays have lower levels.

  • Magnesium & Potassium: Present in moderate amounts, supporting nerve and muscle function.

  • Trace minerals (Copper, Zinc, Manganese): vary depending on soil and growing conditions.

5. Vitamins

  • Vitamin A (from carotene): abundant in fresh, leafy hay; supports vision and immunity.

  • Vitamin D: formed when horses are exposed to sunlight, but hay contributes small amounts.

  • Vitamin E: found in green hay, important for muscle and immune health